Katie showing us a leg splint

This weekend we had our annual Wilderness First Aid course put on by NOLS Wilderness Medicine Institute.  It is such a great weekend we do every year.  This year we had about twenty people go through the WFA course, some for the first time and some for the 8th time.  Every time we do this course I feel more and more confident about my skills in wilderness medicine.  Aaron and Catherine Banks shared with us their story of how they used their WFA skills in a car accident they had earlier this year.  It truly was amazing to hear how Aaron snapped into rescue mode, while being trapped in his car, stabilized his wife’s spine and ultimately is the reason that she is walking today.  My version of the story won’t do them justice so we’ll need to get them to do a guest post on it soon.

Besides the sweet medical training it was so good to reconnect with like-minded guides from all over the state of Colorado.  Sharing vision and prayer for this summer’s trips is always a hightlight for me.  I love hearing their dreams and seeing the sacrifices these folks are making to reach kids for the Gospel.  It’s encouraging to see so many people believing that one of the best ways to build a relationship with a young person is go on a week-long journey in the wilderness with them.

I’ve got to give a big shout out to our rock star instructors Katie Chambless and Kelly Pyke.  You guys were great!  If anyone needs wilderness first aid check out NOLS we highly recommend their courses and make sure you request Katie and Kelly!

Here is a short video of our CPR session… in sync to the retro song “Stayin’ Alive.” Yeah baby!

 

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Twitter @ OUTDOORLEADERS

Denver Seminary Outdoor Leadership Concentration

OL 501: Biblical, Theological, and Philosophical Foundations of Outdoor Leadership

3 Credit Hours, Fall 2011

Instructor: Dr. S. Ashley Denton

Email Dr. Denton

Websites:

Wilderness Ministry Institute

Dr. Denton’s Book, Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice

Center for International Youth Ministry

Nexus Vivus International

Dr. Denton’s Facebook

Dr. Denton’s Twitter @OUTDOORLEADERS

Course Description

This course introduces students to a practical theology of wilderness journey, a Biblical perspective on the practice of outdoor leadership, a Biblical approach to the implementation of experiential learning in the outdoor leadership setting, a philosophy of wilderness ministry, and the Bible’s unique perspective on outdoor leadership theory.  Course reading, class discussions, and course assignments will focus on the wilderness context and adventure programming as a primary location for spiritual formation and leadership development.

Student Learning Outcomes

Denver Seminary is committed to students attaining four learning outcomes.

Primary: The following student learning outcomes are most directly and substantively addressed.

1.     Biblically and Theologically Grounded (Demonstrate integrated biblical and theological competence):  A comprehensive and discriminating mastery of the biblical, theological, and historical content and interpretive procedures that undergird an evangelical expression of Christian Faith.

a.      This course contributes to the foundational and practical knowledge of this Student Learning Outcome (SLO) by fostering an understanding of the scope and significance of biblical passages pertaining to the theology of wilderness journey, and the practice of Christian leadership in the outdoors.

b.     The quizzes on required reading and the two major exams assess students’ achievement and understanding of the foundational readings and class lectures.

c.     The reflection papers on required reading will increase the students’ ability to recall critical theological concepts regarding the purpose and value of wilderness and adventure ministries.

d.     This course contributes to the functional knowledge of this SLO by exploring the experiential nature of Jesus Christ’s teaching and training methods and various outdoor leadership theories espoused in the biblical text.

e.     The topics chosen for the final paper are geared to address this SLO requiring students to engage the experiential and outdoor aspect of Jesus’ teaching and training methods and analyze the relevance of the outdoor setting and timing of His teaching to increase learning.

f.      The one-day “Personal Wilderness Encounter” assignment will afford students an opportunity to evaluate wilderness journey theological principles in light of their own solitude experience in a wilderness setting.

g.     The group presentation at the end of the class will test the students’ ability to research and synthesize how skilled outdoor leadership can serve as a ministry strategy in today’s world.

Secondary: The following SLO will also be a part of our course due to the nature of outdoor leadership and its components.

1.     Spiritually Mature and Growing (Exhibit a mature and growing Christ-likeness in your character):  Growing personal commitment to Christ, fostered by spiritual disciplines and reflected in healthy relationships, emotional maturity, and personal integrity.

a.      The “application” section of the final paper will assess how students integrate the theological principles and biblical message into their own view of the importance of wilderness experiences in their own lives and in the lives of those whom Christ has entrusted them to shepherd.

Course Objectives

Biblically and Theologically Grounded:

Familiarity with biblical texts that explicitly demonstrate the transformation of

individuals or communities as a result of a wilderness experience or journey.

Ability to synthesize theological principles related to the key wilderness journey texts presented in the course.

To develop an historical understanding and working definition of the term “wilderness” as it is used in the Bible.

To develop an ability to critically review secular outdoor leadership models in comparison to biblical wilderness leadership models, and to formulate a personal wilderness leadership theory that aligns with the Scripture.

An acquaintance with the scope of outdoor leadership skills that are needed in order to safely and effectively introduce others to Jesus Christ and help them grow in their faith through guided wilderness adventures.

Spiritually Mature and Growing:

Developing a personal philosophy of wilderness ministry to be carried out in one’s ministry to make disciples.

To evaluate the importance of Jesus’ pattern of ministry which involved both engagement in mission and retreat into the wilderness for transformation and renewal.

Familiarity with the role that wilderness adventure had in Jesus’ apprenticeship.

To develop an ability to design and implement strategies for combining local relational evangelism ministries with experiential learning in the outdoors.

To research key cross-cultural considerations involved in using outdoor leadership as a strategy for evangelism and discipleship.

Familiarity with the ways in which wilderness experiences afford participants with opportunities for developing rapid & thorough decision-making skills.

Required Texts

Bratton, Susan.  Christianity, Wilderness and Wildlife; The Original Desert Solitaire. Scranton:  University of Scranton Press, 2009

Denton, Ashley. Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice. Fort Collins: Smooth Stone Publishing, 2011.

Graham, John. Outdoor Leadership; Technique, Common Sense & Self Confidence.  Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1997.

Required Reserve Reading (3 copies on reserve at library)

Leal, Robert Barry. Wilderness in the Bible: Toward a Theology of Wilderness. New York: P. Lang, 2004.

Required Course Pack Reading (available on Moodle)

Deardorff II, Donald; White, John.  The Image of God in the Human Body; Essays on Christianity and Sports.  New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2008:  Sections I-II.

Rolston, Holmes III. “The Bible and Ecology.” Interpretation:  Journal of Bible and Theology 50 (Spring 1996): 16-26.

Recommended Texts

Drury, Jack; Bonney, Bruce; Berman, Dene; Wagstaff, Mark, eds.  The Backcountry Classroom; Lessons, Tools and Activities for Teaching Outdoor Leaders 2^nd Edition.  Guilford: Wilderness Education Association, 2005

Kosseff, Alex.  AMC Guide to Outdoor Leadership; Trip Planning, Risk Management, Group Dynamics, Decision Making.  Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club, 2003.

Lane, Belden C.  The Solace of Fierce Landscapes: Exploring Desert and Mountain Spirituality. New York:  Oxford University Press, 1998.

Louv, Richard.  Last Child in the Woods; Saving our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder.  Chapel Hill:  Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2005.

Lane, Belden C.  The Solace of Fierce Landscapes: Exploring Desert and Mountain Spirituality.   New York:  Oxford University Press, 1998.

Mauser, Ulrich W.  Christ in the Wilderness: The Wilderness Theme in the Second Gospel and its Basis in the Biblical Tradition.  Naperville:  A. R. Allenson, 1963.

Nash, Roderick Frazier.  Wilderness in the American Mind.  New Haven:  Yale University Press, 2001.

Stein, Robert.  The Method and Message of Jesus’ Teachings. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.

Teale, Edwin Way, ed.  The Wilderness World of John Muir.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982.

Van, Dyke Henry. Out of Doors in the Holy Land. Scribner, 1909.

Williams, George H.  Wilderness and Paradise in Christian Thought From the Garden of Eden and the Sinai Desert to the American Frontier. New York:  Harper & Brothers, 1962:  Section I, Chapters 1-5.

Assignments and Course Requirements (Available upon request)

Thanks for listening,

Ashley

Young Life's Wilderness Ranch

We asked Matt Ismert,  of Young Life’s Wilderness Ranch to give us his opinion of Ashley Denton’s book Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice.  Here is what he said:

I’ve read this this book, it is intelligent, courageous, articulate and has a unique freshness and thoughtfulness to it. You should read it too.

-Matt Ismert, Director, Young Life’s Wilderness Ranch

You may view the book’s website as well as a ton of free resources that go along with the book at www.outdoorleaders.com

Buy The Book on Amazon

Some might be inclined to say, ‘Who cares where we teach, the content is what matters, not the setting.’  I have used the outdoors extensively to teach Scripture over the past 20 years.  And the Scriptures show Jesus highly valued experiential learning in the outdoors.  Many evangelists and Bible teachers will talk about the outdoor or wilderness context in which Jesus taught, but few of us practice teaching the way Jesus did – in the outdoors.”

-Excerpt from Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice by Dr. Ashley Denton

[ii] The breakdown of Jesus teaching is as follows:  Indoor (43 pericopes), Outdoor (142 pericopes), Uncertain location (91 pericopes). Over half of Jesus’ teachings occurred in the outdoors.  Of the teaching that took place in the outdoors, 89% occurred outside of the city and 11% was outdoors but in a city. Only 16% of His teachings designate an indoor setting in the text. Of His indoor teaching, 69% occurred in some sort of home or residential dwelling, 25% in synagogues, and less than 5% was in other buildings or Herod’s palace. We are uncertain of the location of 33% of Jesus’ blocks of teaching.

-Ashley

Denver Seminary Outdoor Leadership Concentration

Course: OL 602  Adventure Ministry in Cross-Cultural Contexts

Term/Day/Time: Intersession 2011, January 18-21

Professor: Dr. S. Ashley Denton

Email Dr. Denton

Websites:

Dr. Denton’s FACEBOOK

Dr. Denton’s TWITTER @OUTDOORLEADERS

Wilderness Ministry Institute

Dr. Denton’s Book, Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice

Center for International Youth Ministry

Nexus Vivus International

Note: This is a Partial Syllabus and Reading List

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is a study of the use of wilderness and adventure in cross-cultural contexts, with special attention given to the biblical/theological rationale and cross-cultural sensitivity required for design and implementation.  The focus is on wilderness and adventure as the means and the context for evangelism, discipleship, spiritual formation, leadership development, and mission in both local and global cross-cultural settings.  (2 Credits)

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

This course most directly and substantially addresses the following two Denver Seminary Student Learning Outcomes:

Contextually Sensitive:  Serve all people effectively and faithfully with cultural discernment and without prejudice or favoritism

This course will foster an understanding of the contextual viability of using wilderness and adventure as a cross-cultural mission strategy both domestically and abroad for evangelism, discipleship, spiritual formation, leadership development, and mission.  Adventure will be presented as both the means and the context for ministry.  This outcome will be measured through in-class discussions, “Figuring Foreigners Out” workbook exercises, reflection papers, reading annotations assignment, and journaling.

Vocationally Fit:  Discern and pursue personal vocation in a theologically integrated manner

Most students entering this course will be knowledgeable and experienced in using adventure in same cultural, North American contexts.  This course will equip and encourage students to recognize and respond to the need and growing opportunities for the cross-cultural use of adventure, especially abroad.  This outcome will be measured through in-class discussions, reflection papers, reading annotation assignment, and the final project.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this course students will be able to:

1.     Understand the issues of culture and context as they relate to Christian adventure ministry

2.     Articulate a biblically informed theology of adventure as cross-cultural mission

3.     Understand religious worldviews and key global issues (e.g. poverty, globalization, violence, and human trafficking) in order to design adventure ministries as bridges for   evangelism and mission.

4.     Design and implement sustainable cross-cultural adventure ministries for the purpose of evangelism, discipleship, spiritual formation, leadership development, and/or mission.

5.     Understand local cross-cultural opportunities and needs that can uniquely be met through adventure ministry; design appropriate ministries to effectively meet these needs

6.     Design adventure experiences that develop and form catalytic indigenous ministry leaders, especially in the global context

7.     Understand, recognize, and overcome gender issues in Christian outdoor leadership.

8.     Understand and articulate current trends in Christian outdoor leadership as mission, especially micro-enterprise opportunities through business as mission (BAM) models.

9.     Understand the opportunities for using Wilderness First Aid training as a medical mission and holistic ministry tool where there are few doctors and medical facilities.

REQUIRED READING

Books to Purchase

Corbett, S., and B Fikkert. (2009). When Helping Hurts: How to Alleviate Poverty Without Hurting the Poor and Yourself. Chicago: Moody.

Denton, Ashley. (2011) Christian Outdoor Leadership: Theology, Theory, and Practice. Fort Collins: Smooth Stone Publishing.

Johnson, C.N. (2010). Business as Mission: A Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Practice. Downers Grove, IL: IVP.

Lingenfelter, J.E. and S.G. Lingenfelter. (2003). Teaching Cross-Culturally: An Incarnational Model for Learning and Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.

Stori, C. (1999). Figuring Foreigners Out: A Practical Guide. Boston: Intercultural.

Required Reserve Book (in library)

Bonk, J. (2003). Missions and Money: Affluence as a Western Mission Problem. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.

Course Reading Pack Bibliography

Religious World Views

Swartley, Keith E. (2008). Encountering the World of Islam. Colorado Springs: Authentic Media. pp. 176-188, 326-328, 377-380, 394 (21 pgs).

Woodberry, J. Dudley. (1998). Reaching the Resistant: Barriers and bridges for mission. Pasadena: William Carey. pp. 117-151 (35 pgs).

Kraft, Charles. Culture, Worldview and Contextualization. Edited by Ralph Winter and Stephen Hawthorne. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement.  Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1999, 384-391 (7 pgs).

Coleman, Robert. The Master’s Plan. Edited by Ralph Winter and Stephen Hawthorne. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1999, 100-103 (4 pgs).

Duin, Julia. “Christian Worldview-an Interview With Ravi Zacharias.” Ravi Zacharias International Ministries, 2006. http://www.rzim.org/resources/essay_arttext.php?id=18/ (accessed October 16, 2006) (2 pgs).

http://www.rzim.org/usa/usfv/tabid/436/articleid/9989/cbmoduleid/1045/default.aspx

Islam

Brown, Rick.  Muslim Worldviews and the Bible.  Bridges and Barriers (Part I  God and Mankind). International Journal of Frontier Missions 23:1, 5-12 (7pgs).

http://www.ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/23_1_PDFs/5-12 Rick Brown.pdf

Brown, Rick.  Muslim Worldviews and the Bible.  Bridges and Barriers (Part II, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and the Age to Come). International Journal of Frontier Missions 23:2, 48-56 (8 pgs).

http://www.ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/23_2_PDFs/Brown_MuslimWV2.pdf

Beaumont, Mark Ivor. “Early Muslim Interpretation of the Gospels.” Transformation 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 20-27 (7pgs).

Beaumont, Mark Ivor. “Early Christian Interpretation of the Qur’an.” Transformation 22, no. 4 (October 2005): 195-203 (8 pgs).

Carey, George.  “Islam and the West:  The Challenge to the Human Family.”  Transformation 22 no. 1 (January 2005): 3-10 (7 pgs).

Hinduism

Stephens, Sunil H. “Doing Theology in a Hindu Context.” Journal of Asian Mission 1, no. 2 (1999): 181-203 (22 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/stephensdoingtheologyinhinducontext.pdf

Buddhism

Rao, P. Sathkeerthi et. al, Chairman. Report of the Consultation on World Evangelization; Mini-Consultation on Reaching Buddhists. Pattaya, Thailand: Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, 1980, 1-23 (23 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/raoreportofconsultationonworldevangelization.pdf

Poverty

Barr, Rev. Fr Kevin J. (1998). Concern for Underprivileged Youth: A theological reflection on ministry. The Pacific Journal of Theology. Series II. No. 19. pp. 33-41 (9 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/barrconcernforunderprivilegedyouth.pdf

Grigg, Viv. (1990). Companion to the Poor. Monrovia: MARC. pp. 203-217 (15 pgs).

Globalization

Stackhouse, Max L. & Dearborn, Tim & Paeth, Scott. (2000). The Local Church in a Global Era: Reflections for a New Century. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 209-216 (8 pgs).

Violence

Haugen, Gary A. (1999). Good News About Injustice: A witness of courage in a hurting world. Downers Grove: Intervarsity. pp. 125-134, (10 pgs).

Jack, Kristin. (2009). The Sound of Worlds Colliding. Phnom Penh: Hawaii Printing House. pp. 89-95 (7 pgs).

Evangelism

Webber, Robert E. (2002). The Younger Evangelicals: Facing the Challenges of the New World. Grand Rapids: Baker Books. 173-186 (14 pgs).

Contextualization and Cross Cultural Discipleship

Axtell, Roger E. (1985). Do’s and Taboos Around the World: A Guide to International Behavior. Elmsford: Benjamin Company Inc. 49-100 (51 pgs/excerpts).

Condon, John C. (1984). With Respect to the Japanese. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press. pp. 35-59 (24 pgs).

Fritz, Paul J. Contextualizing the Message Through Use of Case Studies. International Journal of Frontier Missions Vol 12:3 Jul-Sep 1995, pp. 147-152 (6 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/fritzcontextualizingmessagethroughcasestudies.pdf

Kapp, Robert A. (1983). Communicating with China. Chicago: Intercultural Press, pp. 9-27 (19 pgs).

Matheny, Tim. (1981). Reaching the Arabs: A Felt Need Approach. Pasadena: William Carey Library. pp. 146-155 (10 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/mathenyreachingarabs.pdf

Sanneh, Lamin. (1987). Christian Missions and the Western Guilt Complex. The Christian Century. April 8. Accessed. ((5 pgs). http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=143

Smith, Robert.  The Use Of Foreign Financed National Christian Workers, International Journal Of Frontier Missions, Vol 9:2 April 1992, pp. 57-63 (7 pgs).

http://www.ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/09_2_PDFs/92 Smith.pdf

Taylor, Steve. (2005). The Out of Bounds Church?: Learning to Create a Community of Faith in a Culture of Change. El Cajon: Zondervan. pp. 81-97 (17 pgs). 

Developing Catalytic Indigenous Leaders through a Commitment to Spiritual Formation

Daniel, Brad.  The Life Significance of a Spiritually Oriented Outward Bound-Type Wilderness Expedition. PhD diss., Antioch New England Graduate School, Keen, NH.  2003, pp. 36-41, 163-187 (31 pgs).

Sustainability

Davis, John Jefferson. (1984). Your Wealth in God’s World: Does the Bible Support the Free Market? Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co. pp. 72-85 (14 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/davisyourwealthingodsworld.pdf

Denton, Ashley & Hoppin, Jon. (2010). Nepal Trekking Microenterprise Business Plan. Fort Collins: Nexus International (10 pgs).

Getu, Makonen. (2003, July). The Biblical Perspective of Transformational Business. Transformation, pp. 143-152 (10 pgs).

Getu, Makonen (2003, July). First African Christian Microenterprise Development Conference. Transformation, pp.129-131 (3 pgs).

Mugabi, Stephen.  (2003, July).  Building God’s Kingdom through Microenterprise Development:  A Christian Vision for Transformational Development. Transformation, pp. 111-139 (29 pgs).

Musyimi, Mutava.  (2003, July). Building God’s Kingdom through Microenterprise Development. Transformation, pp. 152-153 (2 pgs).

Prahalad, C. K. (April 2010). Best Practices Get You Only So Far. Harvard Business Review, 88-4, p. 32 (1 pg).http://hbr.org/2010/04/column-best-practices-get-you-only-so-far/ar/1

Teaching Strategies

Friere, Paulo. (1990). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum Books. pp.179-183 (5 pgs).

Gender Issues

Girls! Stories Worth Telling. Monrovia: MARC.

Ecotheology

McPhail, Robyn.  Living on the Land:  Ecotheology in Rural New Zealand. Ecotheology.  Vol 6.1, 6.2 (2001). pp. 138-151 (14 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/mcphaillivingontheland.pdf

Medical Missions

Ewert, D. Merrill. (1980). A New Agenda for Medical Missions. Brunswick: MAP International. pp. 119-123, 131-135 (8 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/ewertnewagendaformedicalmissions.pdf

Christian Camping

Cowles, David.  Wilderness Camping Comes of Age: The Medium That Has Taught Generations How To Survive Has Survived Itself. (1 pg). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/cowleswildernesscampingcomesofage.pdf

Tsumura, Makoto.  (2010). A Framwork for Creating Program and Environment in Christian Camp in Japan. Wheaton College:  Master’s Thesis, pp. 29-84 (55 pgs). 

Van Dyke, Henry & Fong, Jason. Scripture Union Camping Ministry in East Asia. A Part: Letter from Scripture Union East Asia. Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia pp. 2-5 (4 pgs).

Experiential Learning, Spiritual Formation & Women’s Issues Bibliography

Anderson-Hanley, C. (1997). Adventure Programming and Spirituality: Integration Models, Methods, and Research. The Journal of Experiential Education, 20(2), 102-107.  (5 pgs).

Angell, J. (1994). The Wilderness Solo: An Empowering Growth Experience For Women. Women and Therapy, 15(3-4), 85-99.  (14 pgs).

Arnold, S. (1994). Transforming Body Image Through Women’s Wilderness Experiences. Women and Therapy, 15(3-4), 43-54.  (11 pgs).

Beames, Simon.  (2004). Critical Elements of an Expedition Experience. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 4(2), 145-158.  (13 pgs) http://raleighinternational.org/files/beames_jaeol_elements.pdf

Eriksson, Keijo. (Spring 2000) In Search of the Meaning of Life:  A Study Of The Ideas Of Senior Compulsory School Pupils On Life And Its Meaning In An Experiential Learning Context. British Journal of Religious Education, 22(2), 115-127.  (12 pgs) http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/erikssonsearchofmeaningoflife.pdf

Caulkins, Michael C., White, David D., Russel, Keith C. (2006) The Role of Physical Exercise in Wilderness Therapy for Troubled Adolescent Women, Journal of Experiential Education, 29(1), 18-37 (9pgs)

Festeu, Dorin. (2001) Motivational Factors that Influence Students’ Participation in Outdoor Activities. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 2(1), 43-54.  (11 pgs). http://www.wildernessministry.org/ol602readingpack/festeumotivationalfactorsthatinfluence.pdf

Fox, F. E. (1983). The Spiritual Core Of Experiential Education. The Journal of Experiential Education, 6(1), 3-6.  (3 pgs).

Fox, R. (1999). Enhancing Spiritual Experience In Adventure Programs. In J. Miles, & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 455-461). State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.  (7 pgs).

Stringer, A. & McAvoy, L. (1995). The Need For Something Different: Spirituality And Wilderness Adventure. In K. Warren, M. Sakofs & J. Hunt (Eds.), The Theory of Experiential Education (pp.57-72). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.  (16 pgs).

Fox, F. E. (1983). The Spiritual Core Of Experiential Education. The Journal of Experiential Education, 6(1), 3-6.  (3 pgs)

Fox, R. (1999). Enhancing Spiritual Experience In Adventure Programs. In J. Miles, & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 455-461). State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.  (6 pgs)

Stringer, A., & McAvoy, L. (1995). The Need For Something Different: Spirituality And Wilderness Adventure. In K. Warren, M. Sakofs & J. Hunt (Eds.), The Theory of Experiential Education (pp.57-74). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.  (17 pgs)